Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan (7 August 1925 – 28 September 2023) was a distinguished Indian agronomist and geneticist celebrated as a key architect of the Green Revolution in India. His pioneering work in developing high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, alongside Norman Borlaug, played a crucial role in averting famine in the 1960s.

Swaminathan's tenure as director general of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was pivotal, earning him the World Food Prize in 1987. Recognized as a leading figure in economic ecology by the United Nations Environment Programme, he was also honored with the Bharat Ratna in 2024. His research spanned potato, wheat, and rice, incorporating cytogenetics and radiosensitivity. Swaminathan's influence extended through his leadership roles in various organizations and his creation of the "Evergreen Revolution," emphasizing sustainable productivity. His legacy includes the establishment of his research foundation and legislative efforts to support women farmers in India.